1 打開字典顯示相似段落顯示影印本知音:
知音其難哉！音實難知，知實難逢，逢其知音，千載其一乎！夫古來知音，多賤同而思古。所謂「日進前而不御，遙聞聲而相思」也。昔《儲說》始出，《子虛》初成，秦皇漢武，恨不同時；既同時矣，則韓囚而馬輕，豈不明鑒同時之賤哉！至於班固、傅毅，文在伯仲，而固嗤毅云「下筆不能自休」。及陳思論才，亦深排孔璋，敬禮請潤色，歎以為美談；季緒好詆訶，方之於田巴，意亦見矣。故魏文稱：「文人相輕」，非虛談也。至如君卿唇舌，而謬欲論文，乃稱「史遷著書，諮東方朔」，於是桓譚之徒，相顧嗤笑。彼實博徒，輕言負誚，況乎文士，可妄談哉！故鑒照洞明，而貴古賤今者，二主是也；才實鴻懿，而崇己抑人者，班、曹是也；學不逮文，而信偽迷真者，樓護是也；醬瓿之議，豈多歎哉！How difficult it is to find a true soulmate! True understanding is hard to attain; attaining true understanding is rare. To encounter someone who truly understands you—how could that happen even once in a thousand years! In ancient times, those who valued true understanding often looked down on superficial agreement and longed for the past. This is what is meant by "advancing day by day without being restrained, hearing a voice from afar and longing for it." In the past, when The Theory of Storage was first published and Zi Xu was just completed, Emperor Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of Han regretted not living in the same era; Even when they did live at the same time, Ban Gu was imprisoned while Ma Rong was undervalued—does this not clearly show how contemporaries were treated with contempt! As for Ban Gu and Fu Yi, their writings were comparable in quality, yet Ban Gu mocked Fu Yi by saying, "He cannot stop writing once he starts." When Chen Si discussed literary talent, he also strongly criticized Kong Zhang. When Jing Li requested to revise and polish the work, it was regarded as a beautiful anecdote; Ji Xu loved to criticize others, comparing him to Tian Ba—his intent is clear. Therefore, Emperor Wen of Wei said: "Literary men look down on each other"—this is no empty talk. As for Junqing, who boasts with his eloquence yet wrongly discusses literature, claiming that "Sima Qian wrote his book by consulting Dongfang Shuo," this caused people like Huan Tan to glance at each other and sneer. He was in fact a gambler, speaking recklessly and inviting ridicule; how much more so for literati—how could they be allowed to speak carelessly! Therefore, those who have clear insight yet value the past and despise the present are these two rulers. Those whose talent is indeed great yet who exalt themselves while belittling others are Ban Gu and Cao Pi. Those whose learning does not match their literary talent, yet who believe in falsehoods and lose sight of the truth, is Lou Hu. How many sighs can there be over such trivial disputes!
2 打開字典顯示影印本知音:
夫麟鳳與麏雉懸絕，珠玉與礫石超殊，白日垂其照，青眸寫其形。然魯臣以麟為麏，楚人以雉為鳳，魏民以夜光為怪石，宋客以燕礫為寶珠。形器易徵，謬乃若是；文情難鑒，誰曰易分？The qilin and phoenix are vastly different from the deer and pheasant; pearls and jade differ greatly from gravel and stones. The sun shines its light, and clear eyes capture their forms. Yet a minister of Lu mistook the qilin for a deer, and a man from Chu took the pheasant for a phoenix; a commoner in Wei mistook moonlight gem as an odd rock, while a guest from Song regarded ordinary gravel as precious pearls. Physical forms are easy to discern, yet errors can be so great; Literary sentiment is hard to judge—who could say it's easily distinguishable?
3 打開字典顯示影印本知音:
夫篇章雜沓，質文交加，知多偏好，人莫圓該。慷慨者逆聲而擊節，醞藉者見密而高蹈；浮慧者觀綺而躍心，愛奇者聞詭而驚聽。會己則嗟諷，異我則沮棄，各執一偶之解，欲擬萬端之變，所謂「東向而望，不見西墻「也。Writings are numerous and varied, with substance and style intermingling; knowledge is often biased toward personal preference, and no one can fully encompass all. Those who are bold strike the rhythm against the sound with enthusiasm; those who are reserved admire subtlety and take lofty steps. The superficially clever are captivated by splendor, their hearts leaping; those who love the unusual listen with astonishment to strange tales. If something aligns with their own views, they praise it; if it differs from them, they reject it. Clinging to a single interpretation and trying to apply it to countless variations is like the saying: "Looking eastward, one cannot see the western wall."
4 打開字典顯示影印本知音:
凡操千曲而後曉聲，觀千劍而後識器。故圓照之象，務先博觀。閱喬岳以形培塿，酌滄波以喻畎澮。無私於輕重，不偏於憎愛，然後能平理若衡，照辭如鏡矣。是以將閱文情，先標六觀：一觀位體，二觀置辭，三觀通變，四觀奇正，五觀事義，六觀宮商。斯術既行，則優劣見矣。Generally speaking, one must play a thousand melodies before understanding music, and examine a thousand swords before recognizing fine craftsmanship. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive insight, one must first have broad observation. Surveying towering mountains reveals the shape of small hills; measuring vast rivers conveys the nature of shallow ditches. Without bias toward weight or lightness, without partiality in hatred or love, one can then judge fairly as a balance and reflect words clearly like a mirror. Therefore, when examining literary sentiment, one should first establish the Six Observations: First, observe structure and form; second, examine diction and phrasing; third, consider continuity and change; fourth, assess innovation and convention; fifth, evaluate content and meaning; sixth, analyze pitch and tone. Once this method is applied, the merits and flaws will become evident.
5 打開字典顯示相似段落顯示影印本知音:
夫綴文者情動而辭發，觀文者披文以入情，沿波討源，雖幽必顯。世遠莫見其面，覘文輒見其心。豈成篇之足深，患識照之自淺耳。夫志在山水，琴表其情，況形之筆端，理將焉匿？故心之照理，譬目之照形，目了則形無不分，心敏則理無不達。然而俗監之迷者，深廢淺售，此莊周所以笑《折揚》，宋玉所以傷《白雪》也。昔屈平有言：「文質疏內，眾不知余之異采。」見異唯知音耳。揚雄自稱：「心好沉博絕麗之文。」其不事浮淺，亦可知矣。夫唯深識鑒奧，必歡然內懌，譬春臺之熙眾人，樂餌之止過客，蓋聞蘭為國香，服媚彌芬；書亦國華，玩繹方美；知音君子，其垂意焉。Those who compose writings are moved by emotion, which gives rise to words; those who read writings must analyze the text to understand its emotions. Following the stream back to its source, even the most obscure will become clear. When times are distant and faces cannot be seen, examining writings reveals their hearts. It is not that the writing itself lacks depth, but rather a fear that one's understanding may be shallow. If one's aspirations lie in mountains and rivers, the zither expresses their feelings; how much more so when emotions are expressed through writing—how could meaning remain hidden? Therefore, the mind's comprehension of principles is like the eye's perception of form: when the eyes are clear, every detail of form becomes distinct; when the mind is sharp, no principle remains inaccessible. Yet among those who misunderstand in society, the profound is discarded while the shallow is valued—this is why Zhuangzi laughed at "Zheyang" and Song Yu lamented over "Bai Xue." Long ago, Qu Ping said: "Though my inner virtue is refined, the crowd does not recognize my unique brilliance." To be recognized for one's uniqueness—this can only happen through a true soulmate. Yang Xiong once claimed: "My heart delights in profound, richly detailed, and exquisitely beautiful writings." His disdain for superficiality is thus clear. Only those with deep insight who appreciate the profound will feel genuine joy within, just as a spring terrace delights crowds or sweet food attracts passing travelers. It is said that orchids are the fragrance of the nation; their charm grows more fragrant when worn. Writings, too, are the flower of the nation; only through careful reading and savoring do they reveal their beauty. May those who truly understand and value literature pay attention to this.
6 打開字典顯示影印本知音:
贊曰：洪鍾萬鈞，夔曠所定。良書盈篋，妙鑒乃訂。流鄭淫人，無或失聽。獨有此律，不謬蹊徑。In praise: A great bell weighing ten thousand jin, its pitch set by Kuai Kuang. Fine writings fill the chest; only a refined discernment can determine their worth. Let not licentious music or corrupt people deceive your ears. Only by following this principle can one avoid mistaken paths.